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Blood Pressure Cholestrol Diabetes        
  Overview  |  Diagnosis  |  Treatment
Overview

There are usually two reading while measuring blood pressure. The higher number is called the systolic pressure. The lower number is called the diastolic pressure. Normal blood pressure is in the range of 120 / 80. High blood pressure is defined as systolic pressure greater than 140 and / or diastolic pressure greater than 90.

High blood pressure leads to stress on the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, and blood vessels. It can also damage these organs and tissues. The cause of Hypertension is still unknown.

Risk Factors leading to high blood pressure are:
  • Sex: males or post menopausal females
  • Taking oral contraceptives (birth control pills)
  • Age: middle-aged and older
  • Being overweight
  • Heavy drinking
  • Smoking
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Diabetes
  • Eating a high-fat, high-salt diet
  • Emotional stress
  • Race: African American

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Diagnosis

Usually high blood pressure does not show any symptoms. It may damage your organs and tissues without you feeling any thing wrong with you. But still if you reach the extreme stage of blood pressure, then you may experience the following symptoms
• Headache
• Chest pain
• Blurry or double vision
• Abdominal pain
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness

Blood pressure is measured using a cuff around the arm and a device called a sphygmomanometer. If the reading is high, then you will be called for check up again. If three or more readings exceeds 140/90, then you will be diagnosed with high blood pressure.

You need to pass the following test to ensure about high blood pressure:
• Blood tests
• Urine tests
• Chest X-rays
• Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
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Treatment
Lifestyle Changes
  
• Lose weight if necessary. You can consult your doctor to recommend a safe weight-loss plan.
  • Plan a safe exercise program with the advice of doctor, also try to add physical activity into your daily life.
  • Eat healthy, low-fat, low-sodium, high-fiber diet, as recommended by your doctor.
  • Quit Smoking, if so.
  • Minimum Alcohol. Not to exceed 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women.
  • Stress reduction exercises and meditation should also be included in your exercise. It also helps to reduce     blood pressure.

Medications
The following types of medications can help to lower blood pressure:
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)
  • Beta-blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Alpha-beta blockers
  • Nervous system inhibitors
  • Vasodilators
  • Diuretics
  • Alpha-blockers

Note: If High blood pressure is untreated it can lead to:
   • Heart attack
  • Heart disease
  • Kidney damage
  • Stroke

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